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Montane Forests

Natural Vegetation and Wild Life - II - Concepts

Tropical Thorn Forestland and Shrubs

Montane Forests

Mangrove Forests

Wildlife

Distribution of Wild Life in India

Need for Environmental Conservation

Government Steps for Protection of Flora and Fauna

Class - 9th CBSE Subjects

Concept Explanation

Montane Forests

Montane Forests: These forests cover about 17% of the total forested areas of India and are found in mountainous areas of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh. Natural vegetation changes with corresponding change in temperature with increasing altitude in mountainous region. These succession of natural vegetation belts is same as in the order from tropical to tundra vegetation.

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Sample Questions

(More Questions for each concept available in Login)

Question : 1

The climate of montane forest as having a temperature of between ______ °C .
A. 6 and 12	B. 4 and 10	C. 3 and 9	D. 2 and 8
Right Option : A
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Question : 2

Mosses, lichens and wild flowering shrubs are found in______________.
A. Tropical evergreen forests	B. Coniferous forest	C. Tundra vegetion	D. Mediterranean vegetation
Right Option : C
View Explanation

Explanation

Vegetation in the tundra has adapted to the cold and the short growing season. Mosses, sedges, and lichens are common, while few trees grow in the tundra. The trees that do manage to grow stay close to the ground so they are insulated by snow during the cold winters.

Arctic

Arctic tundra occurs in the far Northern Hemisphere, north of the taiga belt. The word "tundra" usually refers only to the areas where the subsoil is permafrost, or permanently frozen soil. (It may also refer to the treeless plain in general ). Permafrost tundra includes vast areas of northern Russia and Canada.
Arctic tundra contains areas of stark landscape and is frozen for much of the year.
The soil there is frozen from 25 to 90 cm (10 to 35 in) down, making it impossible for trees to grow. Instead, bare and sometimes rocky land can only support certain kinds of Arctic vegetation, low-growing plants such as moss and lichen.
There are two main seasons, winter and summer, in the polar tundra areas. During the winter it is very cold, dark, and windy with the average temperature around −28 °C (−18 °F), sometimes dipping as low as −50 °C (−58 °F). Tundra tends to be windy, with winds often blowing upwards of 50–100 km/h (30–60 mph).
However, it is desert-like, with only about 150–250 mm (6–10 in) of precipitation falling per year (the summer is typically the season of maximum precipitation).
The biodiversity of tundra is low: 1,700 species of vascular plants and only 48 species of land mammals can be found, although millions of birds migrate there each year for the marshes.

Relationship to global warming

A severe threat to tundra is global warming, which causes permafrost to thaw. The thawing of the permafrost in a given area on human time scales (decades or centuries) could radically change which species can survive there.
It also represents a significant risk to infrastructure built on top of permafrost, such as roads and pipelines.
In locations where dead vegetation and peat have accumulated, there is a risk of wildfire, such as the 1,039 km2 (401 sq mi) of tundra which burned in 2007 on the north slope of the Brooks Range in Alaska. Such events may both result from and contribute to global warming.

Alpine tundra in the United States

Alpine tundra does not contain trees because the climate and soils at high altitude block tree growth. The cold climate of the alpine tundra is caused by the low air temperatures, and is similar to polar climate. Alpine tundra is generally better drained than arctic soils.
Alpine tundra transitions to subalpine forests below the tree line; stunted forests occurring at the forest-tundra ecotone (the treeline) are known as Krummholz.
Alpine tundra occurs in mountains worldwide. The flora of the alpine tundra is characterized by plants that grow close to the ground, including perennial grasses, sedges, forbs, cushion plants, mosses, and lichens.
The flora is adapted to the harsh conditions of the alpine environment, which include low temperatures, dryness, ultraviolet radiation, and a short growing season.

Hence, option C is correct.

Question : 3

What are the characteristics of montane forests?
A. At the foothills of the himalayas deciduous forests are found.
B. At an altitude of 1000m to 2000m they are rhe moist temperate forests
C. In hilly areas these forests are mostly found.
D. All of them
Right Option : D
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Montane Forests

Montane Forests

Students / Parents Reviews [10]

Aman Kumar Shrivastava

Archit Segal

Om Umang

Shivam Rana

Eshan Arora

Cheshta

Shreya Shrivastava

Barkha Arora

Ayan Ghosh

Yatharthi Sharma